Review of Using Plants as Molluscicidal, Larvicidal and Schistosomicidal in Saudi Arabia

Schistosomiasis, generally identified as Bilharzia, is an earliest human disease, Schistosoma mansoni is transmitted by the aquatic pulmonate snails of the genus Biomphalaria. Intestinal schistosomiasis due to infection with Schistosoma mansoni have been known in Saudi Arabia. Also, the urinary schistosomiasis has been reported in Saudi Arabia since 1887, absolutely certain members of the genus Bulinus are responsible for the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium in Saudi Arabia. During the past decades numerous significant reviews on plant molluscicides have been available. Investigates on plant molluscicides has amplified in current existence in the expectation that they may confirm to be cheaper, more willingly obtainable and more associated to self-sufficient manage strategies, than the use of imported artificial molluscicides. Comparatively slight was recognized about the natural products dependable for the molluscicidal action of the plants concerned, but in the principal time a number of vigorous compounds have been secluded. Molluscicides have a record of achievement and malfunction in the management of schistosomiasis. The main objectives of selective mollusciciding are to eliminate infected snails, depress snail host population density and thus reduce snail / human infection potential, where agriculture potential is high, or in a periurban areas, molluscicides can provide the cheapest and most effective means of control. The molluscicidal properties of diverse variety of Euphorbiaceae have been expansively considered, by means of different parts of the flora and different drawing out processes in the schistosomiasis control, as well few attempts was done regarding other plants source type. Many laboratory studies were conducted to estimate the molluscicidal properties of some Saudi Arabian plants, in this review, there are precious investigational outcomes obtained as plant molluscicides from Saudi Arabia, and the results of these plant extracts as larvicidal or schistosomicidal qgents, with focusing in their effect in the snails tissues to show their activity as histopathological changes were also recorded. The hopeful outcome of the molluscicidal stem extract of Euphorbia schimperiana will encourage us to sustain this promising natural molluscicides in the population of medical importance snails.